# Astral Codex Ten by Scott Alexander — complete archive in chronological order

Source: https://astralcodexten.substack.com/
Essays: 98 · Span: 2020-08-30 to 2021-10-30 · Total reading time: ~17 hours

Track your progress through this archive with a free account: https://www.evergreenessays.com/start/astral-codex-ten

## Essays

1. [You're Probably Wondering Why I've Called You Here Today](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/youre-probably-wondering-why-ive) (2020-08-30) — 3 min
  Step into a world where art, harmony, rationality, and the hidden laws of thought converge. At Astral Codex Ten, Scott Alexander delves into the concept of ṛta, an ancient Sanskrit word with far-reaching implications for our understanding of reality. With a focus on reasoning, science, psychiatry, and more, Alexander explores the intersection of diverse fields to shed light on the intricacies of our cognitive biases. Prepare to question your assumptions and confront the gray areas that shape our beliefs. Welcome to a blog that will challenge your mind and broaden your perspective. Welcome to Astral Codex Ten.
2. [Still Alive](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/still-alive) (2021-01-21) — 29 min
  Scott Alexander, opens up about his whirlwind year of internet fame, privacy concerns, and unexpected support. From being doxxed to receiving emails from New York Times journalists and a former GamerGate member, Scott shares the ups and downs of his experience. With humor and humility, he takes us on a journey through the unpredictable world of online notoriety. Don't miss this honest and thought-provoking piece that reminds us of the power and pitfalls of internet fame.
3. [Logistics ](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/logistics) (2021-01-22) — 5 min
  Scott Alexander discusses their transition to Substack and addresses some of the concerns readers may have. They also explain their reasons for joining Substack, including the financial aspect, and how it will support their new medical practice. The author clarifies what content will be freely available and what subscribers can expect. Additionally, they offer a coupon for those who may be financially strained but still want access to certain content. Overall, this article provides insight into the author's motivations for joining Substack and what readers can expect moving forward.
4. [Know Your Amphetamines](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/know-your-amphetamines) (2021-01-25) — 14 min
  Discover the fascinating history behind ADHD medication in this intriguing essay. Explore how a 1950s diet pill, containing four different amphetamine salts, eventually morphed into the popular ADHD medication known as Adderall. Uncover the factors that contributed to its rise in popularity, including timing and marketing. Delve into the debate surrounding the choice of amphetamines in treating ADHD and whether the random combination of salts should be a cause for concern. If you're curious about the origins and efficacy of ADHD medication, this article is a must-read.
5. [Ontology Of Psychiatric Conditions: Taxometrics
](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/ontology-of-psychiatric-conditions) (2021-01-27) — 19 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the fascinating field of taxometrics to explore the ontology of psychiatric conditions. Are these conditions neatly categorical or are they best understood as a spectrum? Through thought-provoking examples, Alexander challenges our understanding of classification and explores the intricacies of distinguishing between different groups of individuals based on certain variables. From humans and rabbits to tall and short people, this intriguing essay invites us to question the nature of boundaries and to reconsider how we conceptualize psychiatric conditions. Prepare to have your perspective challenged and expanded in this mind-opening exploration.
6. [Contra Weyl On Technocracy
](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/contra-weyl-on-technocracy) (2021-01-28) — 24 min
  Scott Alexander critically examines the notion of technocracy and its supposed benefits in this thought-provoking essay. He challenges the idea of evidence-based policy and argues that technocrats, with their insular culture and biases, may overlook the complexities of the real world. Alexander presents alternative case studies, from mandatory vaccinations to the interstate highway system, to highlight the potential pitfalls of top-down planning. By weaving together history, politics, and social issues, Alexander reminds us to question the unquestionable and consider the unintended consequences of technocratic approaches. Prepare to have your beliefs challenged and assumptions questioned.
7. [Technocracy-Zilla: Origins](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/technocracy-zilla-origins) (2021-10-30)
8. [Metaculus Monday](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/metaculus-monday) (2021-02-01) — 7 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the world of prediction markets, highlighting their potential as trustless and decentralized sources of expertise. He explores three major prediction markets - PredictIt, Augur, and Metaculus - and their respective approaches to regulatory challenges. Alexander focuses on Metaculus, a platform using fake Internet points, and presents its predictions on the COVID-19 pandemic. From estimating the number of future deaths to the availability of vaccines, he shares intriguing insights that challenge our understanding of the crisis. Join him in exploring the fascinating world of prediction markets and their potential impact on decision-making.
9. [Weyl Contra Me On Technocracy](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/weyl-contra-me-on-technocracy) (2021-01-29) — 5 min
  In this engaging exchange, Scott Alexander challenges Mark Weyl's views on technocracy and offers a different perspective. Alexander acknowledges the limitations of his own understanding while providing context for his response. He also presents examples that go beyond the usual critiques of technocracy. The article delves into the role of mechanism design in democracy and invites readers to explore the nuances of this ongoing debate. Click to gain valuable insights on technocracy and its implications in society.
10. [Technocracy-Zilla: Origins](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/technocracy-zilla-origins) (2021-01-30)
11. [Open Thread 158](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-158) (2021-01-31) — 2 min
  Step into Scott Alexander's Open Thread 158, where politics is allowed and the conversation knows no bounds. Get ready for a wild ride through a medley of fascinating topics, from the science behind amphetamines to thought-provoking theories on pedophilia. Dive into the comment section and explore the engaging discussions sparked by Alexander's previous articles. Uncover surprising insights about wage stagnation and gain a deeper understanding of Weyl's complex ideas. This open thread is a treasure trove of intellectual exploration just waiting to be discovered.
11. [Metaculus Monday](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/metaculus-monday) (2021-02-01) — 7 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the world of prediction markets and explores their potential as a decentralized source of expertise. He highlights three major prediction markets - PredictIt, Augur, and Metaculus - and examines their strengths and limitations. With a focus on Metaculus, Alexander introduces "Metaculus Mondays," where he analyzes the performance and predictions of the market. In this article, he discusses the current predictions surrounding the coronavirus, including the estimated number of deaths by the end of 2021 and the availability of a nationwide vaccine. Get ready for a deep dive into the fascinating world of prediction markets.
12. [Metaculus Monday](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/metaculus-monday) (2021-02-01) — 7 min
  Scott Alexander dives into the world of prediction markets and their potential as a decentralized form of expertise. He explores the limitations and opportunities that prediction markets currently face, including government regulations and the use of fake internet points instead of money. Alexander specifically highlights Metaculus as a promising player in the prediction market space, with a dedicated team and a focus on important questions. In this installment of "Metaculus Monday," Alexander reflects on the predictions for the COVID-19 pandemic, including the projected number of deaths and the availability of a vaccine for all adults.
13. [Riddle Of The Sphinx II: Sustained Release Riddlin'](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/riddle-of-the-sphinx-ii-sustained) (2021-02-02) — 2 min
  Scott Alexander takes us on a thrilling encounter with the Sphinx, where answering her riddles is a matter of life and death. In this captivating and witty essay, Alexander navigates through a series of mind-bending riddles, showcasing his quick thinking and clever responses. Prepare to be entertained and amazed as he takes on the Sphinx with humor and unconventional answers. The battle of wits unfolds, leaving readers wondering if anyone can truly outsmart the timeless enigma. Don't miss this humorous and thought-provoking adventure.
14. [Ontology Of Psychiatric Conditions: Dynamical Systems](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/ontology-of-psychiatric-conditions-34e) (2021-02-03) — 17 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the dynamics of psychiatric conditions, using mathematical concepts to illustrate the complexities of our mental health. From the perspective of a dynamical system, he explores how factors like job stability, insurance, and physical well-being affect an individual's state of mental health. Alexander introduces the concept of attractor states - stable situations that draw individuals towards either positive or negative mental states. Through this unique lens, he sheds light on the intricate interplay between various variables and emphasizes the importance of understanding the privileged values within these systems.
15. [Book Review Contest Final Rules](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/book-review-contest-final-rules) (2021-02-04) — 2 min
  Scott Alexander unveils the final rules for his highly anticipated Book Review Contest, where participants have until March 1 to submit their entries. With prizes ranging from $250 to over $1000, the winners will not only receive generous rewards but also gain an opportunity to pitch their future pieces to Scott. Even non-finalists will have the chance to showcase their work, unless they prefer otherwise. If you've been waiting for a chance to share your book review, this is it! Head over to Scott's blog for all the details and get ready to unleash your literary prowess.
16. [Hidden Open Thread 158.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1585) (2021-02-05)
17. [WebMD, And The Tragedy Of Legible Expertise](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/webmd-and-the-tragedy-of-legible) (2021-02-05) — 19 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the dilemma of providing medical information online, drawing parallels between his experiences with a psychiatry database and the shortcomings of WebMD. Alexander highlights the challenges of striking a balance between comprehensive information and practicality, as too much detail can overwhelm users and lead to misunderstandings. He raises thought-provoking questions about responsibility, bias, and the blurred line between helpful guidance and potential legal consequences. Discover the complexities of legible expertise in the realm of medicine through this enlightening exploration.
18. [Journalism and Legible Expertise](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/journalism-and-legible-expertise) (2021-02-07) — 3 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the challenges journalists face in writing about controversial topics while relying on expert sources. He highlights the fear experts have of being misquoted or having their opinions stripped of nuance, resulting in them being cautious and vague. This leads to a gap between what's considered common knowledge in prestigious news outlets and the more nuanced research findings. Alexander suggests that building trust and making sources feel comfortable may be one way to address this issue. If you're an epidemiologist with unique and underreported COVID opinions, he invites you to contact him for an interview.
19. [Open Thread 159](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-159) (2021-02-08) — 1 min
  In this week's open thread, Scott Alexander addresses the ongoing concerns about the commenting system on Substack. He also shares a helpful tip from a Reddit user on filtering email notifications. As always, this thread is a platform for you to discuss anything non-political. Join the conversation and share your thoughts on this intriguing exchange.
20. [Metaculus Monday 2/8/21](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/metaculus-monday-2821) (2021-02-08) — 8 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the world of prediction markets and the potential they hold for accurate forecasting. He discusses two notable platforms, Polymarket and Kalshi, and their respective successes and challenges. Alexander also reflects on the historical significance of prediction markets, using the example of AlphaGo's triumph in the game of Go. This thought-provoking essay sheds light on the power of quantifying belief and its implications for future historians. Dive into this fascinating exploration of prediction markets and their impact on our understanding of events.
21. [Book Review: Why We're Polarized](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/book-review-why-were-polarized) (2021-02-09) — 21 min
  Scott Alexander dives into an insightful book review of "Why We're Polarized" by Ezra Klein. Uncovering the historical and structural factors that led to the current polarized political climate, Alexander explores the shift in party dynamics and coalitions over time. From the Dixiecrats' switch to the Republican party to the impact of the Civil Rights Act, Alexander elucidates the natural progression of polarization and its ongoing feedback loops. Discover the thought-provoking analysis and explanations behind the divisive nature of modern politics in this captivating book review.
22. [Hidden Open Thread 159.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1595) (2021-02-10)
23. [Ontology Of Psychiatric Conditions: Tradeoffs And Failures](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/ontology-of-psychiatric-conditions-653) (2021-02-11) — 17 min
  In Scott Alexander's latest essay, he delves into the perplexing question of why psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and ADHD, persist despite their negative impact. Alexander explores two theories: a failure of evolution to eliminate these genes, and a tradeoff where these genes offer certain advantages. Through rigorous research and compelling evidence, Alexander argues in favor of the failure hypothesis, highlighting the gradual elimination of schizophrenia risk genes. He also sheds light on the interconnectedness of different psychiatric disorders, challenging the notion of specific benefits associated with each. Prepare to have your preconceptions challenged in this thought-provoking exploration.
24. [List Of Fictional Cryptocurrencies Banned By The SEC](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/list-of-fictional-cryptocurrencies) (2021-02-12) — 4 min
  Scott Alexander takes a satirical dive into the world of fictional cryptocurrencies banned by the SEC. From VatiCoin, inspired by the Catholic Church, to Driverify, developed by Tesla's self-driving-car division, these cryptocurrencies come with their own unique purposes and controversies. RedCoin, a Marxist altcoin, challenges capitalism, while ConTracked aims to revolutionize government contracting. And let's not forget GenghisCoin, which incentivizes users to mine other cryptocurrencies. Join Alexander as he explores the absurdity and humor behind these banned fictional currencies. Get ready for a wild ride through the world of crypto!
25. [The Precision Of Sensory Evidence](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/the-precision-of-sensory-evidence) (2021-02-13) — 9 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the intricate relationship between depression, anxiety, and sensory precision in his latest essay. Drawing on various studies and research, Alexander explains how individuals with negative emotional tendencies assign unusually low precision to sensory evidence, leading to distorted perceptions and interpretations. From dulled color perception to impaired autobiographical memory, Alexander uncovers the fascinating connections between mental states and sensory processing. Prepare to be astounded as he unravels a self-reinforcing cycle that sheds light on the complexity of negative emotionality and its impact on our perception of the world around us.
26. [Statement on New York Times Article](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/statement-on-new-york-times-article) (2021-02-14) — 9 min
  Scott Alexander's response to a negative New York Times article about his blog is a must-read. Uncovering his real identity became a battle, as he believed that maintaining anonymity was crucial to his profession as a psychiatrist. In this revealing essay, Alexander discusses his reasons for protecting his identity and the aftermath of the article. He also addresses the contentious claims made against him, including his alleged connection to Charles Murray and The Bell Curve. Dive into this insightful piece as Alexander defends himself and sheds light on the challenges faced by internet-famous individuals.
27. [Coronavirus: Links, Discussion, Open Thread](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/coronavirus-links-discussion-open) (2021-02-16) — 14 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the waves of the coronavirus pandemic that have swept over the US, from the unpreparedness of the first wave to the seasonal nature of subsequent waves. He predicts the potential for a new wave in March or April, driven by the more contagious B117 strain from the UK. Alexander also highlights the emergence of new strains from South Africa and Brazil, which may pose challenges due to their potential "immune escape" capabilities. Exploring vaccine effectiveness, he provides hopeful insights into how vaccines can still protect against severe disease and death, regardless of their ability to prevent symptomatic infections.
28. [COVID/Vitamin D: Much More Than You Wanted To Know](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/covidvitamin-d-much-more-than-you) (2021-02-16) — 12 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the fascinating topic of the potential connection between Vitamin D and COVID-19. With a balanced approach, he examines various pieces of evidence, such as the latitude-dependent spread of the virus, racial disparities, and immune system modulation. While some studies suggest a positive correlation between Vitamin D levels and better outcomes, Alexander maintains a cautious stance, urging readers not to hastily act on his opinion. This well-researched and thought-provoking essay challenges us to consider the complex factors at play and prompts a deeper understanding of the ongoing pandemic.
29. [Book Review: The Cult Of Smart](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/book-review-the-cult-of-smart) (2021-02-18) — 38 min
  In his latest book, "The Cult Of Smart," Scott Alexander challenges the prevailing narrative of American education. He delves into the myth that the system is failing and argues that it's actually performing as well as it can, given the socio-economic challenges it faces. Alexander exposes the deceptive tactics employed by education reform efforts, showing how they manipulate data to claim success. Drawing from behavioral genetics research, he also makes a compelling case for the role of genes in determining intelligence. This thought-provoking book questions long-held beliefs about education's ability to level the playing field.
30. [Highlights From The Comments On Cult Of Smart](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/highlights-from-the-comments-on-cult) (2021-02-18) — 36 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the controversial topic of charter schools, shedding light on the selection effects and loopholes that allow for certain schools to attract high-performing students. Through insightful comments and personal experiences, Alexander explores the impact of parental involvement, behavior management, and curriculum on the success of charter schools. He also raises important questions about the integrity of lotteries used for admissions. This thought-provoking article challenges our understanding of educational equity and the role of charter schools in fostering academic excellence. Prepare to have your perspectives challenged and your assumptions challenged.
31. [Ezra Klein On Vetocracy](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/ezra-klein-on-vetocracy) (2021-02-20) — 7 min
  Scott Alexander dives into the concept of "vetocracy" as explored by Ezra Klein in his book, "Why We're Polarized." Alexander examines the notion that institutions in the United States have become biased against action, creating numerous veto points that hinder progress and meaningful change. From the federal government to state and local levels, even extending to the private sector, the ability to build and solve problems has been stifled. Alexander raises thought-provoking questions about the relationship between vetocracy and polarization and explores possible explanations for this phenomenon. Don't miss this insightful analysis of the barriers preventing progress in America.
32. [Movie Review: Gabriel Over The White House](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/movie-review-gabriel-over-the-white) (2021-02-20)
33. [Open Thread 160](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-160) (2021-02-22) — 1 min
  In this open thread by Scott Alexander, he covers a range of topics from the precision of sensory evidence to the results of a Best Post competition on ACX's fan bulletin board. He also acknowledges a controversial finding regarding depressed people and impaired color vision. And, if you happen to have sent him Javascript to fix some comment-related issues, don't worry! He wants you to send it again, and he'll mention it in the next Open Thread. Dive into this eclectic mix of discussions and updates from one of the most thought-provoking authors out there.
34. [A Look Down Track B](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/a-look-down-track-b) (2021-02-22) — 10 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the complex world of depression, exploring the role of synaptogenesis and the pathways that regulate synaptic growth. He questions the traditional view of antidepressants and serotonin levels, proposing a dramatic alternative: that antidepressants directly bind to the TrkB neurotrophin receptors, enhancing their response to BDNF. Alexander examines a recent study that supports this theory, highlighting the binding of antidepressants to TrkB and their ability to activate the receptor. However, he remains skeptical, questioning the timeline of antidepressant efficacy and the accumulation of these drugs in the brain. Discover the intriguing possibilities in this thought-provoking essay.
35. [Mantic Monday: Judging April COVID Predictions](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/mantic-monday-judging-april-covid) (2021-02-23) — 9 min
  Scott Alexander takes a retrospective look at his and fellow predictors' April COVID predictions, examining their accuracy and the insights gained from the exercise. From analyzing the Bay Area lockdowns to the predictions surrounding the US election and the duration of lockdowns, this article provides a thought-provoking examination of the challenges and biases involved in forecasting during a global crisis. Alexander also highlights the value of comparing predictions and deferring to experts. Dive into this fascinating analysis and discover what can be learned from the successes and failures of COVID predictions.
36. [Book Review: Fussell On Class](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/book-review-fussell-on-class) (2021-02-24) — 23 min
  Scott Alexander delves into Paul Fussell's intriguing and satirical take on the class system in America. Fussell challenges the notion of America as a classless society by highlighting the subtle hierarchies and distinctions that exist in everyday life. From the types of flowers preferred by different classes to the strict seating arrangements at dinner parties, Fussell's classifications are both humorous and thought-provoking. Dive into this thought-provoking essay to explore how Fussell's book, written in 1983, still resonates today and offers a fresh perspective on the complexities of class in America.
37. [Hidden Open Thread 160.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1605) (2021-02-25)
38. [A Modest Proposal For Republicans: Use The Word "Class"](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/a-modest-proposal-for-republicans) (2021-02-25) — 15 min
  Scott Alexander presents a provocative proposal for the Republican Party: embrace the concept of class and use it as a strategic tool in their political messaging. In this thought-provoking essay, Alexander argues that Republicans are already engaged in a form of class warfare, albeit unknowingly and haphazardly. By openly acknowledging and addressing classism, Republicans can craft a coherent and captivating message that resonates with a larger audience. Delving into the cultural aspects of class, Alexander examines the dynamics of the upper class and its influence on politics. An insightful read that challenges traditional political narratives.
39. [Bay Area Plant-Based Meat Reviews](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/bay-area-plant-based-meat-reviews) (2021-02-26) — 13 min
  Craving a vegetarian twist on classic meat dishes? Join Scott Alexander as he explores the fascinating world of Bay Area plant-based meats. From a daring vegan delicatessen to a mysterious Chinese restaurant, Alexander fearlessly reviews their unique offerings, delivering honest verdicts with a touch of self-deprecating humor. Discover which plant-based bacon is hailed as the best, and savor the flavorful surprises that await in dishes like Mongolian beef and General Tao chicken. Dive into this insightful review that challenges our perceptions of fake meats, while keeping us entertained with Alexander's witty storytelling.
40. [Open Thread 161](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-161) (2021-02-28) — 2 min
  In this week's open thread, Scott Alexander delves into a range of topics, from updating his predictions on COVID-19 death toll comparisons between countries to discussing animal welfare precautions in scientific research. He also clears up misconceptions about banning Senator Josh Hawley and expresses an interest in betting on the efficacy of Vitamin D for COVID-19. Additionally, he shares a helpful browser extension created by a reader to improve the Substack comment section. Join the lively conversation and explore the intriguing threads in this engaging open thread.
41. [Mantic Monday: Scoring Rule Controversy](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/mantic-monday-scoring-rule-controversy) (2021-03-01) — 8 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the controversy surrounding the scoring rules of the popular prediction market, Metaculus. While the scoring rule encourages users to make more predictions, it raises concerns about incentivizing spamming and discouraging thoughtful analysis. In contrast to prediction markets like PredictIt, Metaculus rewards participants for making more bets, rather than for being right. Alexander explores the implications of this scoring system and discusses whether it hampers accurate ranking of predictive skill. Join the debate on the best approach to scoring in a prediction market and the potential impacts on its effectiveness.
42. [Shilling For Big Mitochondria](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/shilling-for-big-mitochondria) (2021-03-02) — 10 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the fascinating, albeit dangerous, history of a weight-loss pill called 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). Banned by the FDA in 1938, DNP was a potent mitochondrial uncoupling agent that could cause weight loss without diet or exercise. However, the consequences were severe - from blindness and rashes to liver and kidney problems, and even death by internal combustion. Alexander explores the scientific mechanisms behind DNP's effects while emphasizing the significant risks it poses. This cautionary tale underscores the desperate lengths some individuals will go to achieve their desired weight, exposing the perils lurking behind seemingly miraculous solutions.
43. [Links For March](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/links-for-march) (2021-03-03) — 11 min
  Get ready for a diverse collection of thought-provoking links handpicked by Scott Alexander. From the controversial idea of privateering against Chinese aggression to the fascinating history of Roe's changing views, these links offer a range of topics to delve into. Discover how hurricanes are intensifying, explore the concept of charter cities, and uncover the German sovereign citizen movement. Plus, learn about Harvard's baffling cost increase and failed attempts to replicate fear responses in conservatives. Don't miss out on this intriguing lineup of articles and essays that will surely spark your curiosity.
44. [Highlights From The Comments On March Links](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/highlights-from-the-comments-on-march) (2021-03-04) — 12 min
  Scott Alexander highlights some of the most interesting and thought-provoking comments in his article, covering a range of topics from privateering to the trustworthiness of doctors. Delving into the discussion about privateering, naval experts offer their insights on the legality, feasibility, and historical context of such a practice. Alexander also humorously reflects on the potential for unconventional ideas to gain attention simply based on the authority of the author and the institution publishing them. Prepare to be engaged and entertained as you explore these lively conversations.
45. [Hidden Open Thread 161.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1615) (2021-03-05)
46. [Highlights From The Comments On Class](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/highlights-from-the-comments-on-class) (2021-03-05) — 16 min
  Join Scott Alexander as he delves into a fascinating discussion about class distinctions, where genuine upper-class individuals share their insights and experiences. From social jockeying to the infiltration of billionaires into the upper class, this thought-provoking exploration challenges our assumptions about social hierarchies. Unveiling the connection between flowers and class, along with the effects of generational wealth division, this article is bound to leave you with a fresh perspective on the complexities of class dynamics. Discover a world of nuanced observations and intriguing revelations in this captivating piece.
47. [They're Made Out Of Meta](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/theyre-made-out-of-meta) (2021-03-06)
48. [Open Thread 162](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-162) (2021-03-07) — 3 min
  In this open thread, Scott Alexander covers a range of topics, from ethical concerns and a survey on DNP and mitochondrial uncoupling, to book reviews and a potential new malaria vaccine. He also seeks input on handling comment highlights and invites readers to participate in the Recent ACX Issues Survey. With its mix of science, ethics, and community engagement, this thread promises to be an enlightening and thought-provoking read for anyone seeking to delve into diverse discussions.
49. [The Consequences Of Radical Reform](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/the-consequences-of-radical-reform) (2021-03-09) — 8 min
  In this thought-provoking essay by Scott Alexander, he delves into the consequences of radical reform, drawing on historical examples such as the French Revolution. Alexander explores the clash between the belief in organic systems and the push for centralized authority to bring about necessary change. He also discusses a study that analyzes the impact of radical institutional reform during the Napoleonic era. This intriguing examination sheds light on the complexities of societal transformation and challenges our preconceived notions about the outcomes of radical reforms. Prepare to question your assumptions and reevaluate the dynamics of social change.
50. [Trapped Priors As A Basic Problem Of Rationality](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/trapped-priors-as-a-basic-problem) (2021-03-10) — 20 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the concept of trapped priors and its implications for rationality. He explores how our brains combine raw experience with context to produce perceptions, often leaving us unaware of this process. From optical illusions to the placebo effect, Alexander illustrates how our priors and biases influence our perception of reality. Join him on this captivating journey through the intricacies of Bayesian reasoning and the slippery slope into confirmation bias. Prepare to question your own deeply-held beliefs and discover the hidden workings of your mind in this captivating essay.
51. [Hidden Open Thread 162.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1625) (2021-03-12)
52. [Richard Nixon Vs. Cool](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/richard-nixon-vs-cool) (2021-03-12) — 3 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the intriguing concept of the "cool" kids and the "uncool" kids, examining what would happen if the uncool kids banded together and redefined coolness. Drawing parallels to Richard Nixon's college days, Alexander explores Nixon's success in creating a counterculture movement, challenging the established social hierarchy. This thought-provoking essay raises questions about societal norms and the power dynamics between different groups. Dive into this article to uncover the fascinating insights and connections Alexander uncovers between college dynamics and political strategy.
53. [Open Thread 163](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-163) (2021-03-15) — 3 min
  In his latest open thread, Scott Alexander dives into a variety of topics, including the significance of continuing the "highlights from the comments" threads, concerns about his recent posts on DNP, and the removal of the "like" button from comments on Substack. With his trademark blend of wit and introspection, Alexander invites readers to join the conversation and share their insights on the blog. From discussing the balance between guidance and personal choice to addressing investment opportunities, this open thread is a treasure trove of thought-provoking ideas. Don't miss out on this engaging and dynamic discussion.
54. [Mantic Monday: Mantic Matt Y](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/mantic-monday-mantic-matt-y) (2021-03-15) — 10 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the world of forecasting and the challenges faced by pundits and commentators in accurately predicting events. He highlights the efforts of journalists at Vox, particularly Matt Yglesias, who have started making clear and verifiable predictions. Alexander shares a list of predictions made by Yglesias and invites readers to consider the implications of such transparency in journalism. This thought-provoking essay raises questions about the measuring of win-loss records and the importance of accountability in the punditry world. Dive into the article to explore how accurate forecasting can shape the future of journalism.
55. [Sleep Is The Mate Of Death](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/sleep-is-the-mate-of-death) (2021-03-16) — 9 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the mysterious relationship between sleep and depression, uncovering surprising findings that might change our understanding of mental health. According to scientific studies, prolonged sleep deprivation can temporarily alleviate depression in a majority of cases, but the symptoms return upon sleeping. Alexander explores the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis of sleep, suggesting that the brain's renormalization process during sleep might play a crucial role. Discover the intricate connections between synapses, depression, and sleep in this thought-provoking article that challenges conventional notions of mental well-being.
56. [Book Review: The New Sultan](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/book-review-the-new-sultan) (2021-03-18) — 33 min
  In this captivating book review, Scott Alexander delves into "The New Sultan: Erdogan And The Crisis Of Modern Turkey" by Soner Cagaptay. Alexander explores how Turkey's journey from flawed democracy to near-dictatorship under Recep Tayyip Erdogan offers valuable insights into the risks and mistakes that can lead to an erosion of liberal values. With a critical eye, Alexander highlights the complexity of Erdogan's rise to power and the unique factors that contributed to Turkey's democratic backslide. This thought-provoking analysis serves as an illuminating cautionary tale for other countries grappling with similar challenges to their political systems.
57. [Hidden Open Thread 163.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1635) (2021-03-19)
58. [Open Thread 164](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-164) (2021-03-21) — 3 min
  Scott Alexander delves into a diverse array of topics in this open thread. From debates on historical coding in the aftermath of the French Revolution to discussions on depression and the brain, this article promises a thought-provoking read. Discover the hidden feature to collapse comment threads and find a roundup of prediction market news. Gain insights on Erdogan's political rise and reflect on the common threads of dictators. With a multitude of intriguing subjects to explore, this open thread is sure to captivate and educate. Don't miss out on this engaging intellectual smorgasbord.
59. [Adding My Data Point To The Discussion Of Substack Advances](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/adding-my-data-point-to-the-discussion) (2021-03-22) — 4 min
  Scott Alexander provides an insider's perspective on the controversial topic of Substack advances. In this candid essay, he discusses his personal experience with Substack and sheds light on the behind-the-scenes conversations that led to writers receiving these advances. Alexander delves into the motivations and potential misconceptions surrounding Substack's financial offerings, ultimately revealing his own surprising outcome. This article offers a valuable glimpse into the inner workings of the popular blogging platform, challenging assumptions and illuminating the complexities of the Substack model.
60. [Book Review: Antifragile](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/book-review-antifragile) (2021-03-23) — 23 min
  Scott Alexander delves into Nassim Taleb's groundbreaking book Antifragile, which introduces the concept that everything either gains or loses from volatility. Taleb explores real-life examples such as options, evolution, and exercise, showcasing how these seemingly unrelated entities possess the quality of antifragility. From unexpected comparisons like taxi drivers and the mafia to thought-provoking digressions, Antifragile challenges conventional wisdom and encourages readers to embrace uncertainty and disruption in order to thrive. Prepare to have your perceptions shattered and your intellectual curiosity invigorated by Taleb's unique insights on navigating a chaotic world.
61. [More Antifragile, Diversity Libertarianism, And Corporate Censorship](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/more-antifragile-diversity-libertarianism) (2021-03-25) — 9 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the concept of antifragility and its implications in different domains. Using the examples of nuclear plants and car companies, Alexander explains why variance can be beneficial in certain contexts. In areas where catastrophes have widespread consequences, like nuclear energy, low variance is preferred to mitigate risks. On the other hand, in domains where individuals have the freedom to choose, like car companies, high variance allows for greater innovation and the emergence of superior options. Alexander also explores how this argument extends to libertarian principles and the importance of diverse perspectives in various areas of life.
62. [Toward A Bayesian Theory Of Willpower](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/towards-a-bayesian-theory-of-willpower) (2021-03-26) — 8 min
  Scott Alexander presents a thought-provoking exploration of the concept of willpower, challenging existing theories and offering a novel perspective. He proposes that willpower should be seen as a Bayesian process, where different mental processes and evidence contribute to decision-making. By examining the role of the basal ganglia and the way various brain regions bid for control over actions, Alexander sheds light on the intricate workings of our willpower. Dive into this fascinating essay, where he unveils a fresh understanding of willpower that may reshape how we perceive and harness our own self-control.
63. [Hidden Open Thread 164.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1645) (2021-03-26)
64. [Ask Me Anything](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/ask-me-anything) (2021-03-27)
65. [Open Thread 165](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-165) (2021-03-29) — 1 min
  Scott Alexander welcomes readers to the weekly visible open thread, where this week's topic is anything non-political. Join in on the discussion and share your thoughts on a variety of subjects. Keep an eye out for the comment of the week, featuring Vosmyorka's take on political polarization in the recent Dutch election. Plus, delve into the debate sparked by Alexander's review of Antifragile regarding the historical claim that only five people in Europe knew how to perform a division before the thirteenth century. Don't miss this engaging and intellectually stimulating open thread.
66. [Oh, The Places You'll Go When Trying To Figure Out The Right Dose Of Escitalopram](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/oh-the-places-youll-go-when-trying) (2021-03-31) — 9 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the complex world of determining the correct dosage of escitalopram, commonly known as Lexapro. He explores the official recommendations, studies on dose equivalencies, and the history behind the low maximum dose of Lexapro compared to other antidepressants. Alexander raises thought-provoking questions about the effectiveness and potential overdosing of SSRIs and challenges conventional prescribing practices. This article promises to shed light on a subject often taken for granted, appealing to those interested in mental health and pharmaceutical research.
67. [Hidden Open Thread 165.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1655) (2021-04-01)
68. [Ambidexterity And Cognitive Closure](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/ambidexterity-and-cognitive-closure) (2021-04-01) — 9 min
  In a surprising twist, Scott Alexander challenges the widely-held belief that ambidextrous individuals are less likely to exhibit authoritarian tendencies. Drawing from a study on the "need for cognitive closure," Alexander presents thought-provoking evidence that questions our assumptions. Delving into his own analysis of a survey, he uncovers intriguing findings that challenge the original hypothesis. This essay promises to offer a fresh perspective on the relationship between handedness and political ideologies, inviting readers to reevaluate their perceptions and engage in a deeper exploration of human behavior. Prepare to have your assumptions challenged in this captivating essay by Scott Alexander.
69. [Open Thread 166](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-166) (2021-04-04) — 2 min
  Scott Alexander presents an open thread where you can engage in non-political discussions and share your thoughts on various topics. In this edition, Scott addresses comments of the week, the ethics of selling a post as an NFT, and shares updates on the 105 book review contest. Don't miss the opportunity to participate in engaging conversations and discover fascinating perspectives from the community.
70. [2020 Predictions: Calibration Results](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/2020-predictions-calibration-results) (2021-04-05) — 7 min
  Prepare to be amazed and have your mind blown as Scott Alexander unveils the results of his 2020 predictions! From the accuracy of coronavirus projections to political outcomes and economic forecasts, Alexander covers it all. Dive into this comprehensive analysis to see how well his insights align with reality. Whether you love engaging in debates or simply enjoy being in the know, this captivating article is a must-read for anyone seeking a fascinating look back at the past year's predictions. Don't miss out on the opportunity to reflect on the events that unfolded in 2020.
71. [Two Unexpected Multiple Hypothesis Testing Problems](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/two-unexpected-multiple-hypothesis) (2021-04-06) — 8 min
  Scott Alexander delves into the challenges of multiple hypothesis testing in scientific studies, using the example of a Vitamin D COVID-19 trial. He explores the issue of randomization and the discovery of significant differences between groups, despite corrections for multiple comparisons. Alexander raises thought-provoking questions about the implications of these findings and the potential impact they may have on the interpretation of study results. Dive into this intriguing article that challenges traditional statistical approaches and invites you to consider the complexities of hypothesis testing in scientific research.
72. [Metis And Bodybuilders](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/metis-and-bodybuilders) (2021-04-07) — 10 min
  Scott Alexander dives into the world of bodybuilding and challenges the long-standing belief that short rest periods are optimal for muscle growth. Citing numerous studies, Alexander reveals the surprising truth: longer rest intervals actually lead to greater muscle growth. He highlights the flawed reasoning behind the traditional bro wisdom and uncovers the science behind maximizing muscle development. If you're a fitness enthusiast or simply curious about the truth behind bodybuilding myths, this article is a must-read! Prepare to have your preconceptions shattered and to rethink your workout routines.
73. [Hidden Open Thread 166.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1665) (2021-04-08)
74. [Your Book Review: Order Without Law](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/your-book-review-order-without-law) (2021-04-08) — 65 min
  In this gripping book review, an anonymous ACX reader explores the fascinating legal dynamics of Shasta County, California. The author delves into the unique aspect of the county's rangeland designations, shedding light on the misconceptions and informal code of neighborliness among the cattle ranchers. With vivid examples and thought-provoking insights, this review unveils the intricate connections between landowners, motorists, and the responsibilities that come with open and closed range designations. Prepare to be captivated by the unexpected consequences and human interactions that arise in the rural landscapes of Shasta County.
75. [Your Book Review: On The Natural Faculties](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/your-book-review-on-the-natural-faculties) (2021-04-09) — 33 min
  Step into the world of ancient medicine with Scott Alexander's captivating book review on Galen's work, "On The Natural Faculties." Alexander challenges the prevailing negative views surrounding Galen, a prominent figure in the history of medicine, and delves into the potential inaccuracies and misconceptions surrounding his legacy. Join him on this thought-provoking journey as he questions Galen's true intellectual capacity and the enduring impact of his writings. Discover the untold story of a remarkable figure who continues to shape our understanding of medicine to this day.
76. [Open Thread 167](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-167) (2021-04-11) — 3 min
  Scott Alexander hosts another engaging open thread, inviting readers to discuss anything non-political. He also reflects on the insights gathered from comments on multiple hypothesis testing and shares informative links on topics like random sampling and rerandomization. Additionally, he highlights a noteworthy comment explaining the nuances of a Georgia voting reform law. Alexander also mentions an interesting podcast, "Subject To Change," featuring interviews with various guests. Lastly, he shares his discussion with Saar Wilf of Rootclaim, expressing his revised probability assessment on the effectiveness of Vitamin D in treating COVID-19. A thought-provoking and diverse assortment of subjects awaits in this week's open thread.
77. [From The Rejects Pile: Catch-22](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/from-the-rejects-pile-catch-22) (2021-04-11)
78. [Links For April](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/links-for-april) (2021-04-12) — 9 min
  Scott Alexander's latest collection of intriguing links examines a range of topics, from the failed replication of the link between childhood screen time and attention problems, to the architectural wonders of Ciudad Cayalá in Guatemala. He also discusses the pitfalls of central planning in Songdo, South Korea, and explores the implications of machine intelligence versus human intelligence. With insights on Baltimore's unconventional approach to minor crimes and the impact of working memory training on IQ, this thought-provoking assortment of links is bound to captivate and challenge readers.
79. [[LINK] Unifying Predictive Coding With Backpropagation](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/link-unifying-predictive-coding-with) (2021-04-14) — 2 min
  In this fascinating essay by Scott Alexander, he sheds light on the unification of predictive coding and backpropagation, two concepts crucial to understanding the brain and modern machine learning. Despite the brain's inability to directly utilize backpropagation, researchers have long suspected that it approximates the process in some way. Recent papers have provided evidence for this hypothesis, permanently melding artificial intelligence and neuroscience into a single field. Alexander explores the implications of this union and its potential implications for neuromorphic computing hardware. Prepare to delve into the intersection of AI and the human brain with this thought-provoking article.
80. [Prospectus On Próspera](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/prospectus-on-prospera) (2021-04-14) — 51 min
  Join Scott Alexander on a deep dive into the world of Próspera, a private tech city in Honduras, where the boundaries of governance and societal advancement are being reimagined. Discover the story behind this ambitious project, from its inception to its potential to fight global poverty by challenging traditional systems. In this article, Alexander explores the concept of startup governments and investment opportunities, while also grappling with the profound question of how we can create real systemic change. Don't miss out on this thought-provoking exploration of a vision for a better future.
81. [Your Book Review: Progress And Poverty](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/your-book-review-progress-and-poverty) (2021-04-16) — 80 min
  Get ready to dive into a captivating book review of Henry George's "Progress and Poverty." In this thought-provoking analysis, the anonymous ACX reader explores George's radical economic ideas, including his perspective on land, labor, and capital. Discover how George's arguments challenge conventional notions of capitalism and socialism, offering fresh insights into modern crises like rising rents and homelessness. With its timeless advice and engaging writing style, "Progress and Poverty" continues to inspire economic thought today, even earning the attention and begrudging agreement of intellectuals like Paul Krugman and Milton Friedman. Don't miss this golden opportunity to explore a forgotten gem of economic theory.
82. [Hidden Open Thread 167.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1675) (2021-04-16)
83. [Georgist Cartoons Of The Late 19th/Early 20th Century](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/georgist-cartoons-of-the-late-19thearly) (2021-04-17)
84. [Open Thread 168](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-168) (2021-04-19) — 3 min
  Scott Alexander's latest open thread is up and it's a political free-for-all! In this edition, he highlights a controversial comment from the subreddit and sheds light on an unexpected champion of investment returns: a cigarette company. Delve into discussions on Caesar's death and other intriguing historical tales. Plus, find out about upcoming ACX online meetups with special guests like Patrick Collison and Daniel Ingram. Lastly, Scott needs your help in the Book Review Contest, with a list of non-finalists ready for your judgment. Dive into the open thread and get in on the action!
85. [Mantic Monday: Grading My Trump Predictions](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/mantic-monday-grading-my-trump-predictions) (2021-04-19) — 40 min
  Scott Alexander reflects on his past predictions about Donald Trump's presidency, grading himself on their accuracy. He examines the racial diversity of Trump's base, accurately asserting that his appeal reached beyond just white voters. While he correctly predicted Trump's Republican nomination, he underestimated the wider acceptability he gained and the subsequent general election outcome. Despite some missteps, Alexander highlights his early recognition of important trends that others overlooked. Dive into this candid assessment of political foresight to gain insights on Trump's presidency and the challenges of making accurate predictions in a complex political landscape.
86. [No, Really, Why Are So Many Christians In Colombia Converting To Orthodox Judaism?](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/no-really-why-are-so-many-christians) (2021-04-21) — 15 min
  In a fascinating Washington Post article, Scott Alexander delves into the perplexing trend of Christians in Colombia converting to Orthodox Judaism. While it may seem baffling at first, Alexander explores the personal stories and motivations behind this religious shift. From the search for truth to unanswered callings of the soul, these conversions reveal a deeper yearning for fulfillment and meaning. In this thought-provoking read, Alexander investigates the sociological factors at play and challenges us to question our assumptions about religion and spirituality. Prepare to be intrigued by the unexpected journey of faith in Colombia.
87. [Book Review: Global Economic History](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/book-review-global-economic-history) (2021-04-21) — 13 min
  Scott Alexander's book review dives into the complexities of global economic history, exploring why certain countries have become wealthier while others lag behind. Shedding light on the West's economic dominance and the catch-up efforts of non-Western countries like Japan and China, Alexander challenges traditional narratives of superiority and colonial exploitation. He examines the role of institutions, skeptical of libertarian ideas around strong property rights, and highlights how strong governments and industrial policies have driven development in some cases. Through a historical perspective, Alexander offers thought-provoking insights into the forces that shape global economic disparities.
88. [Hidden Open Thread 168.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1685) (2021-04-21)
89. [Your Book Review: Are We Smart Enough To Know How Smart Animals Are?](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/your-book-review-are-we-smart-enough) (2021-04-22) — 24 min
  Scott Alexander's book review dives into the fascinating world of animal cognition and the history of its study. Beyond just exploring the field itself, Alexander highlights the joy of discovering surprising and interesting things about the natural world. From the stumbling blocks faced by the study of animal cognition to the exploration of concepts once thought to be exclusively human, this review promises an insightful and thought-provoking journey. If you're looking for a well-written and enjoyable popular science book that will constantly leave you in awe, this review might just be the doorway to your next captivating read.
90. [Your Book Review: Why Buddhism Is True](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/your-book-review-why-buddhism-is) (2021-04-23) — 20 min
  In "Your Book Review: Why Buddhism Is True," Scott Alexander takes readers on a transformative journey into the world of Buddhism and psychology. Alexander explores how our perceptions and illusions hinder our happiness and morality, and how mindfulness meditation can break these barriers. While the book may have some inconsistencies and unclear sections, it ultimately prompts us to question our own values and strive for personal growth. Join Alexander as he explores the highs and lows of this thought-provoking and enlightening read. Prepare for a mind-opening adventure that will challenge your worldview.
91. [Open Thread 169](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/open-thread-169) (2021-04-25) — 3 min
  In this week's open thread, Scott Alexander invites readers to engage in a discussion on any topic other than politics. He also updates his Mistakes page, acknowledging and correcting errors in his recent posts. Additionally, he shares an exciting opportunity to participate in the Book Review Contest by reading and voting on non-finalist entries. Whether you're a regular reader or new to Scott Alexander's work, this open thread promises a range of thought-provoking and informative discussions. Don't miss out on joining this vibrant community of curious minds.
92. [Mantic Monday: Predictions For 2021](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/mantic-monday-predictions-for-2021) (2021-04-26) — 5 min
  In this annual tradition, Scott Alexander shares his predictions for 2021. With over a hundred predictions ranging from politics and economics to personal life, Alexander's predictions cover a wide range of topics. From the approval rating of Biden to the likelihood of Court packing, the future of Gamestop's stock price to the global COVID situation, Alexander's predictions are thought-provoking and insightful. Whether you're curious about world events or looking for some personal prognostications, this article will surely satisfy your curiosity and spark some interesting conversations.
93. [Verses Written On The Occasion Of Getting The COVID Vaccine](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/verses-written-on-the-occasion-of) (2021-04-27) — 2 min
  In this captivating piece by Scott Alexander, he presents a poetic and thought-provoking reflection on the experience of getting the COVID vaccine. Through the power of verse, Alexander delves into the emotions, anxieties, and hopes that surround this global event. Touching on themes of lockdowns, personal freedom, and the role of expertise, he invites readers to question the impact of the pandemic on our lives and what lies ahead. Dive into this evocative composition and join Alexander on a journey of introspection and contemplation.
94. [Nootropics Survey 2020 Results](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/nootropics-survey-2020-results) (2021-04-28) — 8 min
  Discover the fascinating results of the 2020 nootropics survey conducted by Scott Alexander. Delve into the realm of cognitive enhancers as he explores the effectiveness of various substances, from stimulants to anxiolytics and antidepressants. Uncover why some well-known mainstays outperformed branded combination pills, and how the median number of times taken correlated with their instant versus long-term effects. But the real surprise comes with the unexpected triumph of Zembrin, a newer and non-stimulant nootropic that surpasses even the most renowned substances. Find out why this discovery has stirred excitement among enthusiasts and professionals alike.
95. [Your Book Review: Double Fold](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/your-book-review-double-fold) (2021-04-30) — 31 min
  Prepare to have your perspective on libraries and the preservation of historical artifacts challenged. In this thought-provoking book review, an anonymous ACX reader takes us on an eye-opening journey through Nicholson Baker's controversial work, "Double Fold." Delving into the destructive policies and misguided beliefs that led to the mass destruction of cherished books and newspapers, this essay sheds light on the failure of High Modernism and the urgent need to protect our cultural heritage. Prepare to be captivated by a clash of ideas and ideologies, as well as a compelling defense of Baker's groundbreaking argument.
96. [Hidden Open Thread 169.5](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/hidden-open-thread-1695) (2021-04-30)
97. [Your Book Review: The Wizard And The Prophet](https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/your-book-review-the-wizard-and-the) (2021-04-30) — 26 min
  In this intriguing book review, the anonymous author discusses the profound impact of two contrasting ideologies towards our relationship with nature: the "Prophet" perspective of limited growth and harmony with the environment, and the "Wizard" belief in endless expansion through science and technology. Through an exploration of the lives of William Vogt and Norman Borlaug, the review delves into the complex arguments surrounding food, water, energy, and climate change. Prepare to be challenged and discover new perspectives on the future of our planet in this thought-provoking review of "The Wizard and the Prophet."